Navigating STDs During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it can come with its challenges, especially if you're dealing with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It's important to know that having an STD while pregnant is more common than you might think, and seeking help isn't something to be ashamed of. Our goal is to provide clear, compassionate guidance to ensure you and your baby stay healthy. STDs, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites transmitted primarily through sexual contact. They can also be passed during pregnancy, childbirth, or through contact with infected blood, making prevention and treatment vital.

STDs are highly prevalent, affecting an estimated one in five individuals, as reported by Contemporary OB/GYN. Furthermore, the incidence of STDs is on the rise, with notable increases observed in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. In particular, the number of congenital syphilis cases (syphilis acquired at birth) has dramatically increased by nearly 800% in recent years. 

Impact of STDs While Pregnant

STDs can pose risks to both the mother and the baby, as outlined below:

• Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Untreated, these infections can lead to preterm birth and low birth weight, which can cause long-term developmental issues. They can also affect future fertility by causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): This virus can cause genital warts and is linked to cervical cancer. Regular screenings and close monitoring are essential for pregnant individuals with HPV.
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): This virus can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth. Your healthcare provider may recommend a cesarean delivery if active lesions are present.
• Syphilis: Untreated syphilis can lead to severe complications, including stillbirth and permanent damage. Early detection and treatment are crucial.

Diagnosing STDs While Pregnant

Most doctors test for common STDs during pregnancy to identify and manage any risks to the baby. Testing usually involves a blood or urine sample. If you have new sexual partners or suspect exposure to an STD, getting retested is essential.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends universal syphilis screening at the initial prenatal visit, during the third trimester, and at birth to ensure early detection and treatment.

Recognizing STD Symptoms

STDs can present with various symptoms, or sometimes none at all, making regular testing important. Here are some common symptoms according to the CDC:

• Chlamydia: Pain during urination, abdominal pain, unusual discharge, fever, and discomfort in the genitals.
• Gonorrhea: Cloudy or bloody discharge, pain during urination, discomfort during bowel movements, itching, and heavy bleeding.
• Genital Herpes: Small sores, pain and itching around the genitals, and vaginal discharge.
• HPV: Small warts, pelvic discomfort, and bleeding during sex.
• Syphilis: Rash, fever, sore throat, fatigue, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss.

Treating STDs During Pregnancy

Treating STDs during pregnancy is similar to treating non-pregnant individuals, but always consult your healthcare provider for the safest options. Most antibiotics for STDs are safe during pregnancy, and your doctor will take into account how far along you are. Timely treatment is crucial to protect both your health and your baby’s well-being.It’s also important to note that treating STDs usually involves both the parent and the child. For example, Verywell Health explains that if a mother is diagnosed with gonorrhea, she may take antibiotics orally while her baby might receive antibiotic eye ointment after delivery.

Preventing STDs While Pregnant

Here are some strategies for preventing STDs:

• Abstinence: Abstaining from sex is the only way to completely avoid STDs.
• Regular Testing: Regular STD testing is essential, even if you feel well and use protection.
• Barrier Methods: Using condoms, internal condoms, and dental dams can reduce the risk of transmission.
• Partner Communication: Discuss STD testing with your partner to ensure both of you are protected.

The Bottom Line

If you have an STD or believe you may have been exposed, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Getting the right treatment can make a significant difference. We are committed to supporting your reproductive health journey. If you have questions about STDs and their impact on your fertility or pregnancy, our compassionate experts are here to support you every step of the way. 

The information provided in this article is intended for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment related to any health concerns.